Social classes

Disability Representation

From the beginning, the disabled person is presented negatively, even before he is introduced to the audience, This is evident from the phrase; "Last summer I decide to kill my brother." This tells the audience immediately that the main characters brother has done something wrong or is generally a pain in the neck. We then see him sleeping which is immediately followed by a cut of a bomb going off which suggests that he is very troublesome. The audience is also aware that he has a disability (down syndrome).

In the next scene we see a close up shot of the disabled boy (Ben) examining his food which makes him appear foolish, the voice over also describes him as a; "Potatoes with eyes." This suggests to the audience that he is a useless burden. This is enhanced by the fact that his brother states that he finished his favourite cereal. We then see him through the eyes of David which is a burden. Ben is also presented as gullible which is shown from that fact that he believes the obvious lye that David told him about how pigs are killed. The audience is then lead to believe that David is helpless which is shown by the fact that he couldn't even go to the toilet on his own without; "making a mess." The way that David looks at Ben as a reaction shot to seeing him eating shows that David is discussed by his brother.

All the shots of David on his own seem to be close ups which could suggest that he is seen as waste of space. Ben is also presented as not having a mind of his own which is shown from the long shot of both David and Ben walking to the bus stop, David is leading whilst  Ben is trailing behind slowly which makes him appear lost and hopeless without David. Ben is again seen as a burden from the fact that Davids friends don't expect David to be able to go out because he might be; "Babysitting." Meanwhile, Ben is in the background looking lost which leads the audience to believe that he is dependent on David to Know what to do, he also isn't with anybody which makes him appear like a loner. When David leaves Ben, we immediately feel sorry for Ben because of the immediate slow music that plays, the look on Ben's face also appears hurt, he also appears out of place on the bus on his own which also makes us feel sorry for him, However the audience is also made to feel sorry for David because of the voice over which suggests that he normally has to constantly look after Ben and that this was the first time they had been separated.

Sexuality

In this extract the main women seems to be sexually attracted to her female counterpart which is evident from the opening when there is use of a mid two shot showing the both of the women,  however the main women is slightly behind looking at the second woman which shows her admiration for her female counterpart. The voice over also of the main women also shows how much she cares for her.
In the second scene we see both of the women lying in bed but the main character seems to want to touch her female counterpart in a sexual way, this enhanced by the use of slow non diegetic music, this also create sinister and mysterious atmosphere.

In the third scene the main character is talking to a male counterpart but she becomes distracted by the second women and all the background noise seems to stop and turn into slow music. Quick cuts are used to show that the main character is admiring the other female character, the male counterpart is also ignored which shows that the sexual tension only between the two female characters. After this we see the camera cuts to the red paint on the paint brush which may represent the danger of the main characters love for her counterpart.

 The next cut shows that the man has realised what is going and mid shot of his face shows his realisation of the situation. This is followed by him violently grabbing the main character and pulling her away. We then find out that it is because the two of them are suppose to appear as though they are in love with each other. After the two characters argue, there is a mid side shot of them both and the male appears to try t kiss her which is shown by the fact that his face slowly moves closer to her, however the main character moves away which suggests that she is not comfortable in the situation, this also show that she is not sexually attracted to him.

Shameless, Class and Status

From the beginning of the extract the characters class is clearly presented as "working class" this is done through the use of the micro elements, which is; where they live, (which is a block of dirty looking flats) the cloths they where, (which is basic clothing) and the condition of there flat, which is messy with no nice furniture. The main character also doesn't seem to take much pride in his appearance.

The characters live in a big family which seems to lack structure which is shown by the fact the father has no control of his children as they are able to lay pranks on him.

  This high angle shot of the father lying down with his children looking down at him shows the fathers lack of authority, this shot is also followed a low angle point of view shot of the children which shows that they have control of the situation. This is a stereotypical view of a working class family as it suggest that working class families cannot control their children.

the characters regional identity is Mancunion  therefore accents reflect that and enhances stereotypes about cities outside of the capital.

The community that the characters live in seem to be close-knit as the father is able to invite "Fiona" who is not a member of there family to help out with the children, also, at the end of the extract the community are all able to gather around what looks like a bonfire together, however we later we find out it is not actually a bonfire and is in.fact a car that they have set alight. This reinforces the stereotypical idea that working class people are criminals.

The families structure is very a-typical as it is not the generic nuclear family because of the fact there is mother.

Thrillers

Thrillers

Character types
-Hero (usually male)
-Victim (usually female)


Tension - emotional engagement, feeling empathy for the victim or protagonist and antipathy for the antagonist.

Specific sub genres- crime at the centre of the narrative  audience develop narrative. genres include:
-The thriller of murderous passions
-The political thriller
-The thriller of acquired identity
-The Psychosomatic thriller
-The thriller of confrontation
-The innocent on-the-run thriller

Themes- good vs evil- conflict derives from binary opposites. Protagonist faces obstacles increases tension and empathy. Narrative development--ensnared by the antagonist.
The protagonist is usually put in ordinary situations in which extraordinary things happen.
Identity e.g.; amnesia, wrong identity, not whom they thought they were, feeling unease about there life.
Surveillance using symbolic props e.g.; windows, screens, mirrors, cameras.
Objectification of female characters OR Femme fatale.
Usually an enigma

Law Representations

"Frost" Extract, Age Representation

At the beginning of this extract, Frost is presented as as weak and incompetent by the two antagonist. This is very stereotypical for a man of his age, this is disproven by the fact that he had strategically planned to appear frail so that it would come as a surprise when he takes the two antagonists down who had underestimated him based on his age. Although, the audience are aware that he has a plan from the beginning because of the first cut which shows Frost cutting out wires from his car. This shows his authority over the people working for him, which is very a-typical for a man of his age.

The audience begins to see how much control Frost has when he is seen talking through his walkie talkie which is followed by an immediate cut to a high angle shot of a lot of police cars approaching the scene. This shows how frost has control of what happens in the scene. When the police men exit the car, Frost guides them and leads them which enhances the power he has over the much younger people with just small arm movements.

Whilst the police men are dealing with the criminals, non-diegetic music is playing which shows the intensity of the scene and makes every thing seem very hectic, the handheld camera work also enhances this. However, when Frost enters the crime scene, the music calms and slows down which makes the audience believe that he is in control of the situation and showing that people he is in charge of rely on him to stay calm, the fact that slow cuts are used also enhances this

Frost seems to have authority over everybody in the room which is seen by the way he talks to them combined with the way they listen and respond to him, this is shown when he calls "George" which is immediately responded. This shows the audience that all the other characters respect him.

In the last scene, there is a dramatic cut from the male antagonist to a low angle tracking, reaction shot of Frost with two other people behind him, this enhances his dominance over them and also over the antagonist which is also shown by the fact that a second sharp cut is made to him with a slight high angle tilt. This shows that Frost is dominant over the antagonist despite Frosts age.

Age Representations

Teenagers

Stereotypically rebellious
-Conflict
-Confidence
-Breaking the law
*Drugs, smoking, drinking
*Breaking school rules
*Relationships, sexual relations
-Mise-en-sene, hoodies

Stereotypically vulnerable
-Victims
* Peer pressure
*Bullying
*Neglect
*Abuse
*Exam pressure
*Suicide, mental health
* Seeking out an identity

Less Stereotypical
-Successful
*Studies
*Sports

Old people

Weak, victims
-Isolated
-Impotent
-Ridiculed
-Disempowered
-different values
-Underestimated

Costumes
-Old fashioned
-Poor health
-White curled hair
-Crutches and stick
-Unlikely to be heroes

Positive stereotypes. (More unlikely)
-Carers
-Wisdom
-Family values
-More active/ powerful

Skins pilot analysis

- The setting is a suburban residential house.

- Tony is represented as a stereotypical teenager that is rude to his father and very rebellious, however the fact that he was reading "Nausea" which a is a very philosophical book that is usually associated with adults goes against the teenage stereotype and gives him mysteriousness. Tony's room is also very tidy and and he wakes up in a very atypical way.

- The genre of this programme is a teen drama. The characters fit the genre by presenting Tony as the protagonist and presenting the father as the antagonist who the audience cannot take seriously. this allows the teenage audience to relate to Tony.

- The audience first see Tony lying in bed waking up, this is probably because it is a good introduction to his character as we get to see him right at the beginning of the day and witness his everyday routine. When Tony gets out of bed, the camera reveals Tony in just his underpants, this may be to show that he is in good shape and takes pride in his appearance.

-The miss-en-scene of Tony's bedroom suggests that he is very tidy, this is shown from the fact that all of his cloths are folded and there is nothing on the floor or on his bed, this is very atypical. the posters in his room suggests that he likes bands which again, is very normal for a teenage boy.

- Tony's sister, Effy is presented as rebellious, which is shown from the fact that she is relying on her brother to cover up the fact that she was out all night, however to her parents, she comes across as the "Golden child" this is shown from the fact that none of her parents were shouting at her and she was ready for schools very early. Effy also seems to have two personality which is shown from the clothes she was wearing at the beginning in comparison the her conservative school uniform and also the fact that she was wearing a lot of makeup at the beginning but when she

got home she wiped it all off.
Effy and Tony seem to have a strong relationship as they seem to have unspoken communication which is shown at the beginning when Tony could tell what she wanted from him by the situation and her facial expressions, the straight cut editing and eye-line match also enhances there relationship.

-In this extract, the father is presented as a weak authority figure, this is shown by him not being able to control Tony, Tony also doesn't seem to feel threatened by him even after his fathers constant swearing and shouting. The audience also doesn't take him seriously, this is done using asynchronised sound of him shouting whilst everybody else in the family were sitting around the dining table, this enhance the character foolishness as well as creating humour. The father is presented as impotent from the use of the sound bridge when he is shouting at Tony whilst the camera shows Effy running up the stairs, this makes him seem unimportant. Tony and Effy seem to be working against there father which is shown from Tony exiting the bathroom through the window in order to embarrass him.
The mother seems to be oblivious to the fact that her daughter was out all night, this makes parents seem foolish.

Sound in film

Sound in film
Human voice- This can include accents which may create connotations of a character.
Sound effects- This may include foley sounds and it put designed to enhance the narrative.
Music- To enhance what is happening in a scene.


Diegetic- Sounds that come from the scene and action.
Non Diegetic- Sound that have been added to the scene to enhance the action.

Synchronous sound effects- Sound we hear with a clip matches realistically what is happening on screen.
Asynchronous sound effects- May not see the source of the sound and doesn't match what is going on in the scene, this can create narrative expectations.

Narrative expectations can be created through;
-Setting.
-Characters.
-Editing.
-Sound.

Leitmotif- a recurring piece of music or sound associated with a particular person or idea. an example of this is in "Jaws" which plays a specific piece of music when a character is about to enter a room/scene.

Sound bridge-adding continuity to dialogue by cutting to another persons face whilst somebody is talking.

Contrapuntal sound- music that goes against what is happening in  a scene (e.g. happy music being played whilst somebody is dying) this can sometimes heightens horror or even comedy.

Hyperbolic sound- when music sound effects are exaggerated to make the scene seem more dramatic. often used in action scenes.

Representations of women

representation of women